How wild was the Wild West? (2024)

How wild was the Wild West? (1)

Anyone who has ever watched a Western knows all about how "wild" life was back then. Damsels in distress were tied to railroads, cowboys' cattle were rustled and the sheriff was usually a slacker with scant interest in enforcing what little law existed. In short, you risked getting lassoed into a gunfight every time you went to the saloon.

Well, at least that's moviemakers' take on it. But what do the historians have to say?

In reality, the West was a lot tamer than it's often portrayed in popular culture, but certain areas did have dangerous undercurrents of violence, experts told Live Science.

Related: Lassen Volcanic National Park: The West's most beautiful, least-visited wonderland (photos)

The Wild West encompassed a vast area stretching from the Rocky "Mountain states like Montana all the way down to Texas and then across to the West Coast," said Terry Anderson, professor emeritus of economics at Montana State University and co-author of "The Not So Wild, Wild West: Property Rights on the Frontier" (Stanford Economics and Finance, 2004). As far as a time period goes, we're talking about the 1850s, or pre-Civil War, all the way to 1900. "It was when the range was open and cattle could just graze anywhere," Anderson told Live Science.

Importantly, much of this vast expanse of terrain was pre-statehood at the time, which meant there wasn't much federal oversight.

This lack of a centralized government is partly responsible for our collective imagining of the Wild West as a rowdy and fierce place to live, Anderson explained. "It's depicted almost as a state of anarchy where there was fighting amongst the Indian tribes, [and] then along came the Europeans to join in," he said. While battles worthy of John Wayne's portrayals did happen (for instance, three people died in the 1881 Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Arizona Territory), there were also periods of peace that lasted long enough for the settlers to figure out society's rules in a makeshift kind of a way.

"The Hollywood version shows anyone and everyone fighting over water rights and land, but what we discovered is that, in reality, people understood the negative consequences of fighting and instead found civil ways to resolve their disputes," Anderson said. For example, cattle owners often divided up extensive plots of land and formed associations to document and assign range rights. "Property rights were secure enough, and there was a market for it. The system worked pretty well, unless you were from an Indian tribe, of course," Anderson said.

Throughout this time, the land under American Indian control progressively shrank and their freedoms with it. Congress passed the Indian Appropriations Act in 1851, which enabled the creation of the first reservations where American Indians were forcibly relocated and prevented from leaving without permission.

Meanwhile, the Wild West wasn't some sort of small government utopia for the white settlers — and there's data to prove it. Mathieu Couttenier, a political economist at the University of Lyon in France, delved into the crime statistics of the frontier in the 1800s in a 2017 study in the Journal of the European Economic Association. Parts of the Wild West were demonstrably more violent than the Eastern states, especially in places where gold and other minerals were discovered, Couttenier and his colleagues found. For example, murder and physical assault weren’t uncommon.

In other words, when the resource in question was plentiful — such as land for cattle grazing — people were more likely to come to some sort of nonviolent arrangement. But if the resource was rarer and more valuable, such as a precious metal, people were more prone to throw punches (or worse) to get their way.

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"We're talking about a 3 to 4% increase in crime in counties with minerals and no federal control compared to those with no minerals and which were incorporated into the United States," Couttenier said. "I think that's a pretty sizable jump."

So, how wild was the Wild West? Probably a lot tamer than you imagined, but at times, it was certainly no picnic.

Originally published on Live Science.

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How wild was the Wild West? (2)

Benjamin Plackett

Live Science Contributor

Benjamin is a freelance science journalist with nearly a decade of experience, based in Australia. His writing has featured in Live Science, Scientific American, Discover Magazine, Associated Press, USA Today, Wired, Engadget, Chemical & Engineering News, among others. Benjamin has a bachelor's degree in biology from Imperial College, London, and a master's degree in science journalism from New York University along with an advanced certificate in science, health and environmental reporting.

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How wild was the Wild West? (2024)

FAQs

How wild was the Wild West actually? ›

In reality, the West was a lot tamer than it's often portrayed in popular culture, but certain areas did have dangerous undercurrents of violence, experts told Live Science.

How was life in the wild wild west? ›

Life was hard. Living in the West was physically demanding. The West was often a lawless place, where disputes were settled by violence. It was also a diverse place, where, on any given day, numerous people groups interacted.

What was considered the Wild Wild West? ›

Answer and Explanation: The states that were part of the Wild West were Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, California, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, North and South Dakota, parts of Oklahoma, parts of Kansas, and the western part of Texas. Many of these states still celebrate their western heritage through events like rodeos.

How was the West actually won? ›

The discovery of gold in California (1848) started a new sequence of treaties designed to extinguish Indian title to lands lying in the path of the overland routes to the Pacific.

When was the West really wild? ›

The period of the Wild West was between the years 1865 and 1895—only 30 years! This was very brief for so many iconic characters that still serve as role models among American heroes.

What was the most violent time in American history? ›

The 1830s were the most violent time in American history outside of war. Men battled each other in the streets in ethnic and religious conflicts, gangs of party henchmen rioted at the ballot box, and assault and mayhem were common enough as to seem unremarkable.

How did people speak in the Wild West? ›

Western American English is defined primarily by two phonological features: the cot-caught merger (as distinct from most traditional Northern and Southern U.S. English) and the fronting of the /u/ ( GOOSE) vowel but not the /oʊ/ ( GOAT) vowel.

What did real cowboys do? ›

Living on remote ranches or roaming the open range, their days were filled with responsibilities, including branding, roping, and rounding up cattle during drives. Other jobs included maintaining and repairing fences, caring for horses, and ensuring the overall well-being of the livestock.

What was the main cause of death in the Wild West? ›

Disease. Emigrants feared death from a variety of causes along the trail: lack of food or water; Indian attacks; accidents, or rattlesnake bites were a few. However, the number one killer, by a wide margin, was disease. The most dangerous diseases were those spread by poor sanitary conditions and personal contact.

Do Wild West towns still exist? ›

You can still find Old West towns to visit throughout the U.S., including Deadwood, SD; Cody, WY; Silverton, CO; and Sisters, OR. Some major cities, like San Diego, San Antonio, Fort Worth, and Jackson, also have Old Town Districts and historic sites commemorating their wild west history.

What describes the Wild West? ›

: the western U.S. in its frontier period characterized by roughness and lawlessness. Wild West adjective.

How did the West make money? ›

Throughout most of the 19th century, there were two main ways to make money west of the Mississippi River: through gold and silver prospecting, and through developing land for agriculture, industry, or urban growth. These two activities often supported each other.

Is the Wild West a myth? ›

The western myth is far removed from the historical reality of the West. Often movies, comics and American literature neglect to show realities of the journey west, and the life on the frontier.

Why did the West become so powerful? ›

The states of Western Europe were simply better at making and using artillery, firearms, fortifications, and armed ships than other advanced parts of the world and they had this advantage long before 1800.

Were there really bandits in the Wild West? ›

Outlaws. The majority of outlaws in the Old West preyed on banks, trains, and stagecoaches. Some crimes were carried out by Mexicans and Native Americans against white citizens who were targets of opportunity along the U.S.–Mexico border, particularly in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California.

Was the Wild West real or mythological? ›

The western myth is far removed from the historical reality of the West. Often movies, comics and American literature neglect to show realities of the journey west, and the life on the frontier.

Were there really gunfights in the Old West? ›

Actual gunfights in the Old West were very rare, very few and far between, but when gunfights did occur, the cause for each varied. Some were simply the result of the heat of the moment, while others were longstanding feuds, or between bandits and lawmen.

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